obj_str.c

#include <string.h>
#include <kuroko/vm.h>
#include <kuroko/value.h>
#include <kuroko/memory.h>
#include <kuroko/util.h>
 
#include "private.h"
 
static KrkValue FUNC_NAME(striterator,__init__)(int,const KrkValue[],int);
 
#define CURRENT_CTYPE KrkString *
#define CURRENT_NAME  self
 
#define AT_END() (self->length == 0 || i == self->length - 1)
 
#define KRK_STRING_FAST(string,offset)  (uint32_t)\
    ((string->obj.flags & KRK_OBJ_FLAGS_STRING_MASK) <= (KRK_OBJ_FLAGS_STRING_UCS1) ? ((uint8_t*)string->codes)[offset] : \
    ((string->obj.flags & KRK_OBJ_FLAGS_STRING_MASK) == (KRK_OBJ_FLAGS_STRING_UCS2) ? ((uint16_t*)string->codes)[offset] : \
    ((uint32_t*)string->codes)[offset]))
 
#define CODEPOINT_BYTES(cp) (cp < 0x80 ? 1 : (cp < 0x800 ? 2 : (cp < 0x10000 ? 3 : 4)))
 
KRK_Method(str,__ord__) {
    METHOD_TAKES_NONE();
    if (self->codesLength != 1)
        return krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->typeError, "ord() expected a character, but string of length %d found", (int)self->codesLength);
    return INTEGER_VAL(krk_unicodeCodepoint(self,0));
}
 
KRK_StaticMethod(str,__new__) {
    /* Ignore argument which would have been an instance */
    if (argc < 2) {
        return OBJECT_VAL(S(""));
    }
    FUNCTION_TAKES_AT_MOST(2);
    if (IS_STRING(argv[1])) return argv[1]; /* strings are immutable, so we can just return the arg */
    /* Find the type of arg */
    krk_push(argv[1]);
    if (!krk_getType(argv[1])->_tostr) return krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->typeError, "Can not convert '%T' to str", argv[1]);
    return krk_callDirect(krk_getType(argv[1])->_tostr, 1);
}
 
KRK_Method(str,__add__) {
    METHOD_TAKES_EXACTLY(1);
    CHECK_ARG(1,str,KrkString*,them);
    const char * a;
    const char * b;
    size_t al;
    size_t bl;
    int needsPop = 0;
 
    a = AS_CSTRING(argv[0]);
    al = self->length;
 
    b = AS_CSTRING(argv[1]);
    bl = them->length;
 
    size_t length = al + bl;
    char * chars = KRK_ALLOCATE(char, length + 1);
    memcpy(chars, a, al);
    memcpy(chars + al, b, bl);
    chars[length] = '\0';
 
    size_t cpLength = self->codesLength + them->codesLength;
 
    int self_type = (self->obj.flags & KRK_OBJ_FLAGS_STRING_MASK);
    int them_type = (them->obj.flags & KRK_OBJ_FLAGS_STRING_MASK);
 
    KrkStringType type = self_type > them_type ? self_type : them_type;
 
    /* Hashes can be extended, which saves us calculating the whole thing */
    uint32_t hash = self->obj.hash;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < bl; ++i) {
        krk_hash_advance(hash,b[i]);
    }
 
    KrkString * result = krk_takeStringVetted(chars, length, cpLength, type, hash);
    if (needsPop) krk_pop();
    return OBJECT_VAL(result);
}
 
KRK_Method(str,__hash__) {
    return INTEGER_VAL(self->obj.hash);
}
 
KRK_Method(str,__len__) {
    return INTEGER_VAL(self->codesLength);
}
 
KRK_Method(str,__setitem__) {
    return krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->typeError, "Strings are not mutable.");
}
 
/* str.__int__(base=10) */
KRK_Method(str,__int__) {
    METHOD_TAKES_AT_MOST(1);
    int base = (argc < 2 || !IS_INTEGER(argv[1])) ? 0 : (int)AS_INTEGER(argv[1]);
    return krk_parse_int(AS_CSTRING(argv[0]), AS_STRING(argv[0])->length, base);
}
 
/* str.__float__() */
KRK_Method(str,__float__) {
    METHOD_TAKES_NONE();
#ifndef KRK_NO_FLOAT
    return krk_parse_float(AS_CSTRING(argv[0]),AS_STRING(argv[0])->length);
#else
    return krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->valueError, "no float support");
#endif
}
 
KRK_Method(str,__getitem__) {
    METHOD_TAKES_EXACTLY(1);
    if (IS_INTEGER(argv[1])) {
        CHECK_ARG(1,int,krk_integer_type,asInt);
        if (asInt < 0) asInt += (int)AS_STRING(argv[0])->codesLength;
        if (asInt < 0 || asInt >= (int)AS_STRING(argv[0])->codesLength) {
            return krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->indexError, "String index out of range: " PRIkrk_int, asInt);
        }
        if ((self->obj.flags & KRK_OBJ_FLAGS_STRING_MASK) == KRK_OBJ_FLAGS_STRING_ASCII) {
            return OBJECT_VAL(krk_copyString(self->chars + asInt, 1));
        } else {
            krk_unicodeString(self);
            unsigned char asbytes[5];
            size_t length = krk_codepointToBytes(KRK_STRING_FAST(self,asInt),(unsigned char*)&asbytes);
            return OBJECT_VAL(krk_copyString((char*)&asbytes, length));
        }
    } else if (IS_slice(argv[1])) {
        KRK_SLICER(argv[1], self->codesLength) {
            return NONE_VAL();
        }
 
        if (step == 1) {
            long len = end - start;
            if ((self->obj.flags & KRK_OBJ_FLAGS_STRING_MASK) == KRK_OBJ_FLAGS_STRING_ASCII) {
                return OBJECT_VAL(krk_copyString(self->chars + start, len));
            } else {
                size_t offset = 0;
                size_t length = 0;
                /* Figure out where the UTF8 for this string starts. */
                krk_unicodeString(self);
                for (long i = 0; i < start; ++i) {
                    uint32_t cp = KRK_STRING_FAST(self,i);
                    offset += CODEPOINT_BYTES(cp);
                }
                for (long i = start; i < end; ++i) {
                    uint32_t cp = KRK_STRING_FAST(self,i);
                    length += CODEPOINT_BYTES(cp);
                }
                return OBJECT_VAL(krk_copyString(self->chars + offset, length));
            }
        } else {
            struct StringBuilder sb = {0};
            krk_unicodeString(self);
 
            unsigned char asbytes[5];
            krk_integer_type i = start;
 
            while ((step < 0) ? (i > end) : (i < end)) {
                size_t length = krk_codepointToBytes(KRK_STRING_FAST(self,i),(unsigned char*)&asbytes);
                pushStringBuilderStr(&sb, (char*)asbytes, length);
                i += step;
            }
 
            return finishStringBuilder(&sb);
        }
    } else {
        return TYPE_ERROR(int or slice, argv[1]);
    }
}
 
const char * krk_parseCommonFormatSpec(struct ParsedFormatSpec *result, const char * spec, size_t length);
 
KRK_Method(str,__format__) {
    METHOD_TAKES_EXACTLY(1);
    CHECK_ARG(1,str,KrkString*,format_spec);
 
    struct ParsedFormatSpec opts = {0};
    const char * spec = krk_parseCommonFormatSpec(&opts, format_spec->chars, format_spec->length);
    if (!spec) return NONE_VAL();
 
    switch (*spec) {
        case 0:   /* unspecified */
        case 's':
            break;
        default:
            return krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->valueError,
                "Unknown format code '%c' for object of type '%s'",
                *spec,
                "str");
    }
 
    /* Note we're going to deal in codepoints exclusive here, so hold on to your hat. */
    krk_unicodeString(self);
 
    size_t actualLength = self->codesLength;
 
    /* Restrict to the precision specified */
    if (opts.hasPrecision && (size_t)opts.prec < actualLength) {
        actualLength = opts.prec;
    }
 
    /* How much padding do we need? */
    size_t padLeft = 0;
    size_t padRight = 0;
    if (opts.hasWidth && actualLength < (size_t)opts.width) {
        if (!opts.align || opts.align == '<') {
            padRight = opts.width - actualLength;
        } else if (opts.align == '>' || opts.align == '=') {
            padLeft = opts.width - actualLength;
        } else if (opts.align == '^') {
            padLeft = (opts.width - actualLength) / 2;
            padRight = (opts.width - actualLength) - padLeft;
        }
    }
 
    /* If there's no work to do, return self */
    if (padLeft == 0 && padRight == 0 && actualLength == self->codesLength) {
        return argv[0];
    }
 
    struct StringBuilder sb = {0};
 
    /* Push left padding */
    for (size_t i = 0; i < padLeft; ++i) {
        pushStringBuilderStr(&sb, opts.fill, opts.fillSize);
    }
 
    /* Push codes from us */
    size_t offset = 0;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < actualLength; ++i) {
        uint32_t cp = KRK_STRING_FAST(self,i);
        size_t   bytes =  CODEPOINT_BYTES(cp);
        pushStringBuilderStr(&sb, &self->chars[offset], bytes);
        offset += bytes;
    }
 
    /* Push right padding */
    for (size_t i = 0; i < padRight; ++i) {
        pushStringBuilderStr(&sb, opts.fill, opts.fillSize);
    }
 
    return finishStringBuilder(&sb);
}
 
/* str.format(**kwargs) */
KRK_Method(str,format) {
    KrkValue kwargs = NONE_VAL();
    if (hasKw) {
        kwargs = argv[argc];
    }
 
    /* Read through `self` until we find a field specifier. */
    struct StringBuilder sb = {0};
 
    int counterOffset = 0;
    char * erroneousField = NULL;
    int erroneousIndex = -1;
    const char * errorStr = "";
 
    char * workSpace = strdup(self->chars);
    char * c = workSpace;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < self->length; i++, c++) {
        if (*c == '{') {
            if (!AT_END() && c[1] == '{') {
                pushStringBuilder(&sb, '{');
                i++; c++; /* Skip both */
                continue;
            } else {
                /* Start field specifier */
                i++; c++; /* Skip the { */
                char * fieldStart = c;
                char * fieldStop = NULL;
                for (; i < self->length; i++, c++) {
                    if (*c == '}') {
                        fieldStop = c;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (!fieldStop) {
                    errorStr = "Unclosed { found.";
                    goto _formatError;
                }
                size_t fieldLength = fieldStop - fieldStart;
                *fieldStop = '\0';
                /* fieldStart is now a nice little C string... */
                int isDigits = 1;
                for (char * field = fieldStart; *field; ++field) {
                    if (!(*field >= '0' && *field <= '9')) {
                        isDigits = 0;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                KrkValue value;
                if (isDigits) {
                    /* Must be positional */
                    int positionalOffset;
                    if (fieldLength == 0) {
                        positionalOffset = counterOffset++;
                    } else if (counterOffset) {
                        goto _formatSwitchedNumbering;
                    } else {
                        positionalOffset = strtoul(fieldStart,NULL,10);
                    }
                    if (positionalOffset >= argc - 1) {
                        erroneousIndex = positionalOffset;
                        goto _formatOutOfRange;
                    }
                    value = argv[1 + positionalOffset];
                } else if (hasKw) {
                    KrkValue fieldAsString = OBJECT_VAL(krk_copyString(fieldStart, fieldLength));
                    krk_push(fieldAsString);
                    if (!krk_tableGet(AS_DICT(kwargs), fieldAsString, &value)) {
                        erroneousField = fieldStart;
                        goto _formatKeyError;
                    }
                    krk_pop(); /* fieldAsString */
                } else {
                    erroneousField = fieldStart;
                    goto _formatKeyError;
                }
                KrkValue asString;
                if (IS_STRING(value)) {
                    asString = value;
                } else {
                    krk_push(value);
                    KrkClass * type = krk_getType(value);
                    if (type->_tostr) {
                        asString = krk_callDirect(type->_tostr, 1);
                    } else {
                        if (!krk_bindMethod(type, AS_STRING(vm.specialMethodNames[METHOD_STR]))) {
                            errorStr = "Failed to convert field to string.";
                            goto _formatError;
                        }
                        asString = krk_callStack(0);
                    }
                    if (!IS_STRING(asString)) goto _freeAndDone;
                }
                krk_push(asString);
                pushStringBuilderStr(&sb, AS_CSTRING(asString), AS_STRING(asString)->length);
                krk_pop();
            }
        } else if (*c == '}') {
            if (!AT_END() && c[1] == '}') {
                pushStringBuilder(&sb, '}');
                i++; c++; /* Skip both */
                continue;
            } else {
                errorStr = "Single } found.";
                goto _formatError;
            }
        } else {
            pushStringBuilder(&sb, *c);
        }
    }
 
    free(workSpace);
    return finishStringBuilder(&sb);
 
_formatError:
    krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->typeError, "Error parsing format string: %s", errorStr);
    goto _freeAndDone;
 
_formatSwitchedNumbering:
    krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->valueError, "Can not switch from automatic indexing to manual indexing");
    goto _freeAndDone;
 
_formatOutOfRange:
    krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->indexError, "Positional index out of range: %d", erroneousIndex);
    goto _freeAndDone;
 
_formatKeyError:
    /* which one? */
    krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->keyError, "'%s'", erroneousField);
    goto _freeAndDone;
 
_freeAndDone:
    discardStringBuilder(&sb);
    free(workSpace);
    return NONE_VAL();
}
 
KRK_Method(str,__mul__) {
    METHOD_TAKES_EXACTLY(1);
    if (!IS_INTEGER(argv[1])) return NOTIMPL_VAL();
    CHECK_ARG(1,int,krk_integer_type,howMany);
    if (howMany < 0) howMany = 0;
 
    size_t totalLength = self->length * howMany;
    char * out = malloc(totalLength + 1);
    char * c = out;
 
    uint32_t hash = 0;
 
    for (krk_integer_type i = 0; i < howMany; ++i) {
        for (size_t j = 0; j < self->length; ++j) {
            *c = self->chars[j];
            krk_hash_advance(hash, *c);
            c++;
        }
    }
 
    *c = '\0';
    return OBJECT_VAL(krk_takeStringVetted(out, totalLength, self->codesLength * howMany, (self->obj.flags & KRK_OBJ_FLAGS_STRING_MASK), hash));
}
 
KRK_Method(str,__rmul__) {
    METHOD_TAKES_EXACTLY(1);
    if (IS_INTEGER(argv[1])) return FUNC_NAME(str,__mul__)(argc,argv,hasKw);
    return NOTIMPL_VAL();
}
 
struct _str_join_context {
    struct StringBuilder * sb;
    KrkString * self;
    int isFirst;
};
 
static int _str_join_callback(void * context, const KrkValue * values, size_t count) {
    struct _str_join_context * _context = context;
 
    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        if (!IS_STRING(values[i])) {
            krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->typeError, "%s() expects %s, not '%T'",
                "join", "str", values[i]);
            return 1;
        }
 
        if (_context->isFirst) {
            _context->isFirst = 0;
        } else {
            pushStringBuilderStr(_context->sb, (char*)_context->self->chars, _context->self->length);
        }
        pushStringBuilderStr(_context->sb, (char*)AS_STRING(values[i])->chars, AS_STRING(values[i])->length);
    }
 
    return 0;
}
 
/* str.join(list) */
KRK_Method(str,join) {
    METHOD_TAKES_EXACTLY(1);
    struct StringBuilder sb = {0};
 
    struct _str_join_context context = {&sb, self, 1};
 
    if (krk_unpackIterable(argv[1], &context, _str_join_callback)) {
        discardStringBuilder(&sb);
        return NONE_VAL();
    }
 
    return finishStringBuilder(&sb);
}
 
static int isWhitespace(char c) {
    return (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\r');
}
 
static int substringMatch(const char * haystack, size_t haystackLen, const char * needle, size_t needleLength) {
    if (haystackLen < needleLength) return 0;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < needleLength; ++i) {
        if (haystack[i] != needle[i]) return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}
 
/* str.__contains__ */
KRK_Method(str,__contains__) {
    METHOD_TAKES_EXACTLY(1);
    if (IS_NONE(argv[1])) return BOOLEAN_VAL(0);
    CHECK_ARG(1,str,KrkString*,needle);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < self->length; ++i) {
        if (substringMatch(self->chars + i, self->length - i, needle->chars, needle->length)) {
            return BOOLEAN_VAL(1);
        }
    }
    return BOOLEAN_VAL(0);
}
 
static int charIn(uint32_t c, KrkString * str) {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < str->codesLength; ++i) {
        if (c == KRK_STRING_FAST(str,i)) return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}
 
static KrkValue _string_strip_shared(int argc, const KrkValue argv[], int which) {
    KrkString * subset = AS_STRING(vm.specialMethodNames[METHOD_STRSTRIP]);
    if (argc > 1) {
        if (IS_STRING(argv[1])) {
            subset = AS_STRING(argv[1]);
        } else {
            return krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->typeError, "argument to %sstrip() should be a string",
                (which == 0 ? "" : (which == 1 ? "l" : "r")));
        }
    }
 
    KrkString * self = AS_STRING(argv[0]);
    krk_unicodeString(self);
    krk_unicodeString(subset);
 
    uint32_t c;
    size_t start = 0;
    size_t end   = self->length;
    int j = 0;
    int k = self->codesLength - 1;
 
    if (which < 2) while (start < end && charIn((c = KRK_STRING_FAST(self, j)), subset)) { j++; start += CODEPOINT_BYTES(c); }
    if (which != 1) while (end > start && charIn((c = KRK_STRING_FAST(self, k)), subset)) { k--; end -= CODEPOINT_BYTES(c); }
 
    return OBJECT_VAL(krk_copyString(&self->chars[start], end-start));
}
 
KRK_Method(str,strip) {
    METHOD_TAKES_AT_MOST(1); /* TODO */
    return _string_strip_shared(argc,argv,0);
}
KRK_Method(str,lstrip) {
    METHOD_TAKES_AT_MOST(1); /* TODO */
    return _string_strip_shared(argc,argv,1);
}
KRK_Method(str,rstrip) {
    METHOD_TAKES_AT_MOST(1); /* TODO */
    return _string_strip_shared(argc,argv,2);
}
 
#define strCompare(name,lop,iop,rop) \
    KRK_Method(str,name) { \
        METHOD_TAKES_EXACTLY(1); \
        if (!IS_STRING(argv[1])) { \
            return NOTIMPL_VAL(); \
        } \
        size_t aLen = AS_STRING(argv[0])->length; \
        size_t bLen = AS_STRING(argv[1])->length; \
        const char * a = AS_CSTRING(argv[0]); \
        const char * b = AS_CSTRING(argv[1]); \
        for (size_t i = 0; i < ((aLen < bLen) ? aLen : bLen); i++) { \
            if (a[i] lop b[i]) return BOOLEAN_VAL(1); \
            if (a[i] iop b[i]) return BOOLEAN_VAL(0); \
        } \
        return BOOLEAN_VAL((aLen rop bLen)); \
    }
 
strCompare(__gt__,>,<,>)
strCompare(__lt__,<,>,<)
strCompare(__ge__,>,<,>=)
strCompare(__le__,<,>,<=)
 
KRK_Method(str,__mod__) {
    METHOD_TAKES_EXACTLY(1);
 
    KrkTuple * myTuple;
 
    if (IS_TUPLE(argv[1])) {
        myTuple = AS_TUPLE(argv[1]);
        krk_push(argv[1]);
    } else {
        myTuple = krk_newTuple(1);
        krk_push(OBJECT_VAL(myTuple));
        myTuple->values.values[myTuple->values.count++] = argv[1];
    }
 
    struct StringBuilder sb = {0};
    size_t ti = 0;
 
    for (size_t i = 0; i < self->length; ++i) {
        if (self->chars[i] == '%') {
            int backwards = 0;
            size_t width = 0;
            i++;
 
            if (self->chars[i] == '%') {
                pushStringBuilder(&sb, self->chars[i]);
                continue;
            }
 
            if (self->chars[i] == '-') { backwards = 1; i++; }
 
            while (self->chars[i] >= '0' && self->chars[i] <= '9') {
                width = width * 10 + (self->chars[i] - '0');
                i++;
            }
 
            if (self->chars[i] == 'i') {
                if (ti >= myTuple->values.count) goto _notEnough;
                KrkValue arg = myTuple->values.values[ti++];
 
                if (IS_INTEGER(arg)) {
                    krk_push(INTEGER_VAL(AS_INTEGER(arg)));
#ifndef KRK_NO_FLOAT
                } else if (IS_FLOATING(arg)) {
                    krk_push(INTEGER_VAL(AS_FLOATING(arg)));
#endif
                } else {
                    krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->typeError, "%%i format: a number is required, not '%T'", arg);
                    goto _exception;
                }
                krk_push(krk_callDirect(krk_getType(arg)->_tostr, 1));
                goto _doit;
            } else if (self->chars[i] == 's') {
                if (ti >= myTuple->values.count) goto _notEnough;
                KrkValue arg = myTuple->values.values[ti++];
                if (!krk_getType(arg)->_tostr) {
                    krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->typeError, "%%s format: cannot convert '%T' to string", arg);
                    goto _exception;
                }
 
                krk_push(arg);
                krk_push(krk_callDirect(krk_getType(arg)->_tostr, 1));
                goto _doit;
            } else {
                krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->typeError, "%%%c format string specifier unsupported",
                    self->chars[i]);
                goto _exception;
            }
 
_doit:
            if (!backwards && width > AS_STRING(krk_peek(0))->codesLength) {
                while (width > AS_STRING(krk_peek(0))->codesLength) {
                    pushStringBuilder(&sb, ' ');
                    width--;
                }
            }
 
            pushStringBuilderStr(&sb, AS_CSTRING(krk_peek(0)), AS_STRING(krk_peek(0))->length);
            if (backwards && width > AS_STRING(krk_peek(0))->codesLength) {
                while (width > AS_STRING(krk_peek(0))->codesLength) {
                    pushStringBuilder(&sb, ' ');
                    width--;
                }
            }
            krk_pop();
        } else {
            pushStringBuilder(&sb, self->chars[i]);
        }
    }
 
    if (ti != myTuple->values.count) {
        krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->typeError, "not all arguments converted durin string formatting");
        goto _exception;
    }
 
    krk_pop(); /* tuple */
    return finishStringBuilder(&sb);
 
_notEnough:
    krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->typeError, "not enough arguments for string format");
    goto _exception;
 
_exception:
    discardStringBuilder(&sb);
    return NONE_VAL();
}
 
/* str.split() */
KRK_Method(str,split) {
    const char * sep = NULL;
    size_t sepLen = 0;
    int maxsplit = -1;
 
    if (!krk_parseArgs(
        ".|z#i", (const char *[]){"sep","maxsplit"},
        &sep, &sepLen,
        &maxsplit)) {
        return NONE_VAL();
    }
 
    if (sep && sepLen == 0) return krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->valueError, "Empty separator");
 
    KrkValue myList = krk_list_of(0,NULL,0);
    krk_push(myList);
 
    size_t i = 0;
    char * c = self->chars;
    ssize_t count = 0;
 
    if (!sep) {
        while (i != self->length) {
            while (i != self->length && isWhitespace(*c)) {
                i++;
                c++;
            }
            if (i == self->length) break;
 
            if (count == maxsplit) {
                krk_push(OBJECT_VAL(krk_copyString(&self->chars[i], self->length - i)));
                krk_writeValueArray(AS_LIST(myList), krk_peek(0));
                krk_pop();
                break;
            }
 
            struct StringBuilder sb = {0};
            while (i != self->length && !isWhitespace(*c)) {
                pushStringBuilder(&sb, *c);
                i++;
                c++;
            }
            krk_push(finishStringBuilder(&sb));
            krk_writeValueArray(AS_LIST(myList), krk_peek(0));
            krk_pop();
            count++;
        }
    } else {
        /* Special case 0 */
        if (maxsplit == 0) {
            krk_writeValueArray(AS_LIST(myList), argv[0]);
            return krk_pop();
        }
 
        while (i != self->length) {
            struct StringBuilder sb = {0};
            while (i != self->length && !substringMatch(c, self->length - i, sep, sepLen)) {
                pushStringBuilder(&sb, *c);
                i++;
                c++;
            }
            krk_push(finishStringBuilder(&sb));
            krk_writeValueArray(AS_LIST(myList), krk_peek(0));
            krk_pop();
            if (i == self->length) break;
            i += sepLen;
            c += sepLen;
            count++;
            if (count == maxsplit || i == self->length) {
                krk_push(OBJECT_VAL(krk_copyString(&self->chars[i], self->length - i)));
                krk_writeValueArray(AS_LIST(myList), krk_peek(0));
                krk_pop();
                break;
            }
        }
    }
 
    return krk_pop();
}
 
KRK_Method(str,replace) {
    METHOD_TAKES_AT_LEAST(2);
    METHOD_TAKES_AT_MOST(3);
    CHECK_ARG(1,str,KrkString*,oldStr);
    CHECK_ARG(2,str,KrkString*,newStr);
    KrkValue count = (argc > 3 && IS_INTEGER(argv[3])) ? argv[3] : NONE_VAL();
 
    struct StringBuilder sb = {0};
 
    int replacements = 0;
    size_t i = 0;
    char * c = self->chars;
    while (i < self->length) {
        if ( substringMatch(c, self->length - i, oldStr->chars, oldStr->length) && (IS_NONE(count) || replacements < AS_INTEGER(count))) {
            pushStringBuilderStr(&sb, newStr->chars, newStr->length);
            if (oldStr->length == 0) {
                pushStringBuilder(&sb, *c);
                c++;
                i++;
            }
            c += oldStr->length;
            i += oldStr->length;
            replacements++;
        } else {
            pushStringBuilder(&sb, *c);
            c++;
            i++;
        }
    }
 
    return finishStringBuilder(&sb);
}
 
#define WRAP_INDEX(index) \
    if (index < 0) index += self->codesLength; \
    if (index < 0) index = 0; \
    if (index >= (krk_integer_type)self->codesLength) index = self->codesLength
 
KRK_Method(str,find) {
    METHOD_TAKES_AT_LEAST(1);
    METHOD_TAKES_AT_MOST(3);
    CHECK_ARG(1,str,KrkString*,substr);
 
    krk_integer_type start = 0;
    krk_integer_type end = self->codesLength;
 
    if (argc > 2) {
        if (IS_INTEGER(argv[2])) {
            start = AS_INTEGER(argv[2]);
        } else {
            return TYPE_ERROR(int,argv[2]);
        }
    }
 
    if (argc > 3) {
        if (IS_INTEGER(argv[3])) {
            end = AS_INTEGER(argv[3]);
        } else {
            return TYPE_ERROR(int,argv[3]);
        }
    }
 
    WRAP_INDEX(start);
    WRAP_INDEX(end);
 
    /* Make sure both strings have code representations */
    krk_unicodeString(self);
    krk_unicodeString(substr);
 
    for (krk_integer_type i = start; i < end; ++i) {
        krk_integer_type j;
        for (j = 0; j < (krk_integer_type)substr->codesLength && (i + j < end); ++j) {
            if (KRK_STRING_FAST(self,i+j) != KRK_STRING_FAST(substr,j)) break;
        }
        if (j == (krk_integer_type)substr->codesLength) return INTEGER_VAL(i);
    }
 
    return INTEGER_VAL(-1);
}
 
KRK_Method(str,index) {
    KrkValue result = FUNC_NAME(str,find)(argc,argv,hasKw);
    if (IS_INTEGER(result) && AS_INTEGER(result) == -1) {
        return krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->valueError, "substring not found");
    }
    return result;
}
 
KRK_Method(str,startswith) {
    KrkString * substr;
    int start = 0;
    int end = self->codesLength;
    if (!krk_parseArgs(".O!|ii",(const char*[]){"prefix","start","end"}, KRK_BASE_CLASS(str), &substr, &start, &end)) {
        return NONE_VAL();
    }
 
    WRAP_INDEX(start);
    WRAP_INDEX(end);
 
    krk_unicodeString(self);
    krk_unicodeString(substr);
 
    if (end < start || (size_t)(end - start) < substr->codesLength) return BOOLEAN_VAL(0);
 
    for (size_t i = 0; i < substr->codesLength; ++i) {
        if (KRK_STRING_FAST(self, start + i) != KRK_STRING_FAST(substr,i)) return BOOLEAN_VAL(0);
    }
    return BOOLEAN_VAL(1);
}
 
KRK_Method(str,endswith) {
    KrkString * substr;
    int start = 0;
    int end = self->codesLength;
    if (!krk_parseArgs(".O!|ii",(const char*[]){"suffix","start","end"}, KRK_BASE_CLASS(str), &substr, &start, &end)) {
        return NONE_VAL();
    }
 
    WRAP_INDEX(start);
    WRAP_INDEX(end);
 
    krk_unicodeString(self);
    krk_unicodeString(substr);
 
    if (end < start || (size_t)(end - start) < substr->codesLength) return BOOLEAN_VAL(0);
 
    for (size_t i = 0; i < substr->codesLength; ++i) {
        if (KRK_STRING_FAST(self, (end - i - 1)) != KRK_STRING_FAST(substr,(substr->codesLength - i - 1))) return BOOLEAN_VAL(0);
    }
    return BOOLEAN_VAL(1);
}
 
KRK_Method(str,__repr__) {
    METHOD_TAKES_NONE();
    struct StringBuilder sb = {0};
    char * end = AS_CSTRING(argv[0]) + AS_STRING(argv[0])->length;
 
    /* First count quotes */
    size_t singles = 0;
    size_t doubles = 0;
    for (char * c = AS_CSTRING(argv[0]); c < end; ++c) {
        if (*c == '\'') singles++;
        if (*c == '\"') doubles++;
    }
 
    char quote = (singles > doubles) ? '\"' : '\'';
 
    pushStringBuilder(&sb, quote);
 
    for (char * c = AS_CSTRING(argv[0]); c < end; ++c) {
        unsigned char ch = *c;
        int addSlash = 0;
        switch (ch) {
            /* XXX: Other non-printables should probably be escaped as well. */
            case '\'': addSlash = (quote == ch); ch = '\''; break;
            case '\"': addSlash = (quote == ch); ch = '\"'; break;
            case '\\': addSlash = 1; ch = '\\'; break;
            case '\a': addSlash = 1; ch = 'a'; break;
            case '\b': addSlash = 1; ch = 'b'; break;
            case '\f': addSlash = 1; ch = 'f'; break;
            case '\n': addSlash = 1; ch = 'n'; break;
            case '\r': addSlash = 1; ch = 'r'; break;
            case '\t': addSlash = 1; ch = 't'; break;
            case '\v': addSlash = 1; ch = 'v'; break;
            case 27:   addSlash = 1; ch = '['; break;
            default:
                if (ch < ' ' || ch == 0x7F) {
                    pushStringBuilder(&sb,'\\');
                    pushStringBuilder(&sb,'x');
                    char hex[3];
                    snprintf(hex, 3, "%02x", (unsigned char)*c);
                    pushStringBuilder(&sb,hex[0]);
                    pushStringBuilder(&sb,hex[1]);
                    continue;
                }
                break;
        }
        if (addSlash) krk_pushStringBuilder(&sb,'\\');
        krk_pushStringBuilder(&sb,ch);
    }
 
    pushStringBuilder(&sb, quote);
 
    return finishStringBuilder(&sb);
}
 
KRK_Method(str,encode) {
    METHOD_TAKES_NONE();
    return OBJECT_VAL(krk_newBytes(AS_STRING(argv[0])->length, (uint8_t*)AS_CSTRING(argv[0])));
}
 
KRK_Method(str,__str__) {
    METHOD_TAKES_NONE();
    return argv[0];
}
 
void krk_addObjects(void) {
    KrkValue tmp = FUNC_NAME(str,__add__)(2, (KrkValue[]){krk_peek(1), krk_peek(0)},0);
    krk_pop(); krk_pop();
    krk_push(tmp);
}
 
KRK_Method(str,__iter__) {
    METHOD_TAKES_NONE();
    KrkInstance * output = krk_newInstance(vm.baseClasses->striteratorClass);
 
    krk_push(OBJECT_VAL(output));
    FUNC_NAME(striterator,__init__)(2, (KrkValue[]){krk_peek(0), argv[0]},0);
    krk_pop();
 
    return OBJECT_VAL(output);
}
 
#define CHECK_ALL(test) do { \
    krk_unicodeString(self); \
    for (size_t i = 0; i < self->codesLength; ++i) { \
        uint32_t c = KRK_STRING_FAST(self,i); \
        if (!(test)) { return BOOLEAN_VAL(0); } \
    } return BOOLEAN_VAL(1); } while (0)
 
KRK_Method(str,isalnum) {
    CHECK_ALL( (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= '0' && c <= '9') );
}
 
KRK_Method(str,isalpha) {
    CHECK_ALL( (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') );
}
 
KRK_Method(str,isdigit) {
    CHECK_ALL( (c >= '0' && c <= '9') );
}
 
KRK_Method(str,isxdigit) {
    CHECK_ALL( (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') || (c >= '0' && c <= '9') );
}
 
KRK_Method(str,isspace) {
    CHECK_ALL( (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\v') );
}
 
KRK_Method(str,islower) {
    CHECK_ALL( (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') );
}
 
KRK_Method(str,isupper)  {
    CHECK_ALL( (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') );
}
 
KRK_Method(str,lower) {
    METHOD_TAKES_NONE();
    struct StringBuilder sb = {0};
 
    for (size_t i = 0; i < self->length; ++i) {
        if (self->chars[i] >= 'A' && self->chars[i] <= 'Z') {
            pushStringBuilder(&sb, self->chars[i] + ('a' - 'A'));
        } else {
            pushStringBuilder(&sb, self->chars[i]);
        }
    }
 
    return finishStringBuilder(&sb);
}
 
KRK_Method(str,upper) {
    METHOD_TAKES_NONE();
    struct StringBuilder sb = {0};
 
    for (size_t i = 0; i < self->length; ++i) {
        if (self->chars[i] >= 'a' && self->chars[i] <= 'z') {
            pushStringBuilder(&sb, self->chars[i] - ('a' - 'A'));
        } else {
            pushStringBuilder(&sb, self->chars[i]);
        }
    }
 
    return finishStringBuilder(&sb);
}
 
KRK_Method(str,title) {
    METHOD_TAKES_NONE();
    struct StringBuilder sb = {0};
 
    int lastWasWhitespace = 1;
 
    for (size_t i = 0; i < self->length; ++i) {
        if (lastWasWhitespace && self->chars[i] >= 'a' && self->chars[i] <= 'z') {
            pushStringBuilder(&sb, self->chars[i] - ('a' - 'A'));
            lastWasWhitespace = 0;
        } else if (!lastWasWhitespace && self->chars[i] >= 'A' && self->chars[i] <= 'Z') {
            pushStringBuilder(&sb, self->chars[i] + ('a' - 'A'));
            lastWasWhitespace = 0;
        } else {
            pushStringBuilder(&sb, self->chars[i]);
            lastWasWhitespace = !((self->chars[i] >= 'A' && self->chars[i] <= 'Z') || (self->chars[i] >= 'a' && self->chars[i] <= 'z'));
        }
    }
 
    return finishStringBuilder(&sb);
}
 
#undef CURRENT_CTYPE
#define CURRENT_CTYPE KrkInstance *
KRK_Method(striterator,__init__) {
    METHOD_TAKES_EXACTLY(1);
    CHECK_ARG(1,str,KrkString*,base);
    krk_push(OBJECT_VAL(self));
    krk_attachNamedObject(&self->fields, "s", (KrkObj*)base);
    krk_attachNamedValue(&self->fields, "i", INTEGER_VAL(0));
    krk_pop();
    return NONE_VAL();
}
 
KRK_Method(striterator,__call__) {
    METHOD_TAKES_NONE();
    KrkValue _str;
    KrkValue _counter;
    const char * errorStr = NULL;
    if (!krk_tableGet(&self->fields, OBJECT_VAL(S("s")), &_str) || !IS_STRING(_str)) {
        errorStr = "no str pointer";
        goto _corrupt;
    }
    if (!krk_tableGet(&self->fields, OBJECT_VAL(S("i")), &_counter) || !IS_INTEGER(_counter)) {
        errorStr = "no index";
        goto _corrupt;
    }
 
    if ((size_t)AS_INTEGER(_counter) >= AS_STRING(_str)->codesLength) {
        return argv[0];
    } else {
        krk_attachNamedValue(&self->fields, "i", INTEGER_VAL(AS_INTEGER(_counter)+1));
        return FUNC_NAME(str,__getitem__)(2,(KrkValue[]){_str,_counter},3);
    }
_corrupt:
    return krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->typeError, "Corrupt str iterator: %s", errorStr);
}
 
 
void krk_pushStringBuilder(struct StringBuilder * sb, char c) {
    if (sb->capacity < sb->length + 1) {
        size_t old = sb->capacity;
        sb->capacity = KRK_GROW_CAPACITY(old);
        sb->bytes = KRK_GROW_ARRAY(char, sb->bytes, old, sb->capacity);
    }
    sb->bytes[sb->length++] = c;
}
 
void krk_pushStringBuilderStr(struct StringBuilder * sb, const char *str, size_t len) {
    if (sb->capacity < sb->length + len) {
        size_t prevcap = sb->capacity;
        while (sb->capacity < sb->length + len) {
            size_t old = sb->capacity;
            sb->capacity = KRK_GROW_CAPACITY(old);
        }
        sb->bytes = KRK_GROW_ARRAY(char, sb->bytes, prevcap, sb->capacity);
    }
    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
        sb->bytes[sb->length++] = *(str++);
    }
}
 
static void _freeStringBuilder(struct StringBuilder * sb) {
    KRK_FREE_ARRAY(char,sb->bytes, sb->capacity);
    sb->bytes = NULL;
    sb->length = 0;
    sb->capacity = 0;
}
KrkValue krk_finishStringBuilder(struct StringBuilder * sb) {
    KrkValue out = OBJECT_VAL(krk_copyString(sb->bytes, sb->length));
    _freeStringBuilder(sb);
    return out;
}
 
KrkValue krk_finishStringBuilderBytes(struct StringBuilder * sb) {
    KrkValue out = OBJECT_VAL(krk_newBytes(sb->length, (uint8_t*)sb->bytes));
    _freeStringBuilder(sb);
    return out;
}
 
KrkValue krk_discardStringBuilder(struct StringBuilder * sb) {
    _freeStringBuilder(sb);
    return NONE_VAL();
}
 
int krk_pushStringBuilderFormatV(struct StringBuilder * sb, const char * fmt, va_list args) {
    for (const char * f = fmt; *f; ++f) {
        if (*f != '%') {
            pushStringBuilder(sb, *f);
            continue;
        }
 
        /* Bail on exception */
        if (krk_currentThread.flags & KRK_THREAD_HAS_EXCEPTION) break;
 
        ++f;
 
        int size = ' ';
        int len  = -1;
 
        if (*f == 'z') size = *f++;
        else if (*f == 'l') size = *f++;
        else if (*f == 'L') size = *f++;
 
        if (*f == '.') {
            if (f[1] == '*') {
                len = va_arg(args, int);
                f += 2;
            }
        }
 
        switch (*f) {
            case 0: break;
            case '%':
                pushStringBuilder(sb, '%');
                break;
 
            case 'c': {
                char val = (char)va_arg(args, int);
                pushStringBuilder(sb, val);
                break;
            }
 
            case 's': {
                const char * c = va_arg(args, const char *);
                pushStringBuilderStr(sb, c, len == -1 ? strlen(c) : (size_t)len);
                break;
            }
 
            case 'u': {
                size_t val = 0;
                if (size == ' ') {
                    val = va_arg(args, unsigned int);
                } else if (size == 'l') {
                    val = va_arg(args, unsigned long);
                } else if (size == 'L') {
                    val = va_arg(args, unsigned long long);
                } else if (size == 'z') {
                    val = va_arg(args, size_t);
                }
                char tmp[100];
                snprintf(tmp, 32, "%zu", val);
                pushStringBuilderStr(sb, tmp, strlen(tmp));
                break;
            }
 
            case 'd': {
                ssize_t val = 0;
                if (size == ' ') {
                    val = va_arg(args, int);
                } else if (size == 'l') {
                    val = va_arg(args, long);
                } else if (size == 'L') {
                    val = va_arg(args, long long);
                } else if (size == 'z') {
                    val = va_arg(args, ssize_t);
                }
                char tmp[100];
                snprintf(tmp, 32, "%zd", val);
                pushStringBuilderStr(sb, tmp, strlen(tmp));
                break;
            }
 
            case 'T': {
                KrkValue val = va_arg(args, KrkValue);
                const char * typeName = krk_typeName(val);
                pushStringBuilderStr(sb, typeName, strlen(typeName));
                break;
            }
 
            case 'S': {
                KrkString * val = va_arg(args, KrkString*);
                pushStringBuilderStr(sb, val->chars, val->length);
                break;
            }
 
            case 'R': {
                KrkValue val = va_arg(args, KrkValue);
                KrkClass * type = krk_getType(val);
                if (likely(type->_reprer != NULL)) {
                    krk_push(val);
                    KrkValue res = krk_callDirect(type->_reprer, 1);
                    krk_push(res);
                    if (IS_STRING(res)) {
                        pushStringBuilderStr(sb, AS_CSTRING(res), AS_STRING(res)->length);
                    } else if (!(krk_currentThread.flags & KRK_THREAD_HAS_EXCEPTION)) {
                        krk_runtimeError(vm.exceptions->typeError, "__repr__ returned non-string (type %T)", res);
                    }
                    krk_pop();
                }
                break;
            }
 
            case 'p': {
                uintptr_t val = va_arg(args, uintptr_t);
                char tmp[100];
                snprintf(tmp, 32, "0x%zx", (size_t)val);
                pushStringBuilderStr(sb, tmp, strlen(tmp));
                break;
            }
 
            default: {
                va_arg(args, void*);
                pushStringBuilderStr(sb, "(unsupported: ", 14);
                pushStringBuilder(sb, *f);
                pushStringBuilder(sb, ')');
                break;
            }
        }
    }
 
    if (krk_currentThread.flags & KRK_THREAD_HAS_EXCEPTION) return 0;
    return 1;
}
 
int krk_pushStringBuilderFormat(struct StringBuilder * sb, const char * fmt, ...) {
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, fmt);
    int result = krk_pushStringBuilderFormatV(sb,fmt,args);
    va_end(args);
    return result;
}
 
KrkValue krk_stringFromFormat(const char * fmt, ...) {
    struct StringBuilder sb = {0};
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, fmt);
    int result = krk_pushStringBuilderFormatV(&sb,fmt,args);
    va_end(args);
    if (!result) return krk_discardStringBuilder(&sb);
    return krk_finishStringBuilder(&sb);
}
 
_noexport
void _createAndBind_strClass(void) {
    KrkClass * str = ADD_BASE_CLASS(vm.baseClasses->strClass, "str", vm.baseClasses->objectClass);
    str->obj.flags |= KRK_OBJ_FLAGS_NO_INHERIT;
    str->allocSize = 0;
    BIND_STATICMETHOD(str,__new__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__iter__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__ord__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__int__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__float__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__getitem__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__setitem__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__add__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__len__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__mul__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__rmul__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__contains__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__lt__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__gt__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__le__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__ge__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__mod__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__repr__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__str__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__hash__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,__format__);
    BIND_METHOD(str,encode);
    BIND_METHOD(str,split);
    BIND_METHOD(str,strip);
    BIND_METHOD(str,lstrip);
    BIND_METHOD(str,rstrip);
    BIND_METHOD(str,join);
    BIND_METHOD(str,format);
    BIND_METHOD(str,replace);
    BIND_METHOD(str,find);
    BIND_METHOD(str,index);
    BIND_METHOD(str,startswith);
    BIND_METHOD(str,endswith);
 
    /* TODO these are not properly Unicode-aware */
    BIND_METHOD(str,isalnum);
    BIND_METHOD(str,isalpha);
    BIND_METHOD(str,isdigit);
    BIND_METHOD(str,isxdigit);
    BIND_METHOD(str,isspace);
    BIND_METHOD(str,islower);
    BIND_METHOD(str,isupper);
 
    /* Not recommended in their current forms, but here for some Python compatibility */
    BIND_METHOD(str,lower);
    BIND_METHOD(str,upper);
    BIND_METHOD(str,title);
 
    krk_defineNative(&str->methods,"__delitem__",FUNC_NAME(str,__setitem__));
    krk_finalizeClass(str);
    KRK_DOC(str, "Obtain a string representation of an object.");
 
    KrkClass * striterator = ADD_BASE_CLASS(vm.baseClasses->striteratorClass, "striterator", vm.baseClasses->objectClass);
    striterator->obj.flags |= KRK_OBJ_FLAGS_NO_INHERIT;
    BIND_METHOD(striterator,__init__);
    BIND_METHOD(striterator,__call__);
    krk_finalizeClass(striterator);
}